Synthetic? Bio? Which is it, then?
We acknowledge that the word “biosynthetic” is rather ambiguous. Let’s debunk a few biosynthetics misconceptions!
Debunking Common Myths About Biosynthetics
Since the early 2000s, the term “biosynthetics” has been used to describe synthetic fibers derived from biological sources. As the textile industry moves towards defossilization, shifting from fossil-based synthetics to bio-based alternatives is crucial. However, misconceptions about biosynthetics persist, often leading to confusion about their origins, properties, and sustainability. Here, we address five common myths surrounding biosynthetics.
1. “Synthetic” Always Means Non-Natural Origin – False
The term biosynthetics refers to bio-based polymer fibers, which are a subset of polymer applications. Alongside cellulose fibers, they provide a sustainable alternative to fossil-based fibers in textiles. These materials are derived either partially or entirely from renewable sources such as sugar beet, sugar cane, or wood. Offering both performance and technical advantages, biosynthetics serve as drop-in, smart drop-in, and dedicated replacements for conventional synthetic fibers.
2. Biosynthetics Can Be Made from Recycled Plastic Bottles – False
Plastic bottles are primarily composed of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), a polyester that is traditionally fossil-based but also available in partially bio-based forms. While PET is used in both plastic bottles and fibers, it is not directly related to biosynthetics. Although PET bottles can be recycled into yarn for textiles, this process does not make them bio-based. Instead, such textiles are classified as recycled polyester—which currently constitutes 14% of the polyester used globally in the textile industry, with most coming from PET bottles.
3. Biosynthetics Are Biodegradable Because They Come from Natural Sources – False
The biodegradability of polymers depends on the specific polymer used, not its origin. Being bio-based does not automatically make a polymer biodegradable. The end product—such as textiles made from biosynthetics—may not necessarily break down naturally. However, biosynthetic garments can be reprocessed into 100% virgin fibers, supporting a closed-loop system where waste is minimized, and environmental harm is reduced.
4. Biosynthetics Are Not Available in Sufficient Quantities – False
Biosynthetics are a growing segment within the bio-based polymer industry. Currently, 17 bio-based polymers are commercially available, with a combined production capacity of over 4 million tonnes as of 2023. Among them, 10 bio-based polymers are used specifically for biosynthetics, with production exceeding one million tonnes annually. As demand rises, production capacities are expected to increase further.
Biosynthetics vs. Polyester: A Balanced Perspective
A common question in sustainable textiles is whether biosynthetics are superior to polyester. The answer isn’t straightforward.
Polyester is a broad class of polymers, with one of its key applications being fibers for textiles. Biosynthetics include naturally derived polyesters, which can match the performance of fossil-based polyesters. However, while not all biosynthetics are inherently “better”, certain biosynthetic polyesters offer sustainability advantages over fossil-based alternatives.
Exploring the Future of Biosynthetics
Innovation in biosynthetics is crucial for advancing sustainability in the fashion and textile industry. To explore the latest breakthroughs, the Cellulose Fibres Conference 2025 will take place on March 12-13, hosted by nova-Institute.
A dedicated session, “Biosynthetics – Replacement for Traditional Synthetic Fibres”, will bring together industry experts to discuss the newest developments, challenges, and opportunities in biosynthetics.